India’s digital financial and banking sector faces a growing challenge of cybercrime and technical glitches. This paper attempts to study and understand the Cosmos Bank cyber attack of 2018. The study uses the analytical approach on secondary data. We found that the attack was a highly sophisticated and well coordinated one. It involved compromising the Core Banking System of the bank by using malware sent through emails and thus enabling several fraudulent transactions on ATMs and through SWIFT to go undetected. The study points out the vulnerabilities in the system and this gives the direction in which the bank and other banks need to work to cover these vulnerabilities.

Keywords: Cyber risks, Indian banks, Cosmos Bank, ATM, SWIFT.
JEL Classification Codes: G00 (General Financial Economics), G20 (Financial Institutions and Services General), G21 ((Financial Institutions and Services Banks).

Sustainable development means fulfilling present needs without compromising future generations’ ability to meet theirs. The United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal-8 emphasizes “decent work and economic growth”. Among various methods to achieve this, direct selling contributes positively through job creation, entrepreneurship, and sustainable growth. The present work examines the performance of direct selling in India as compared to the global level using secondary data from WFDSA and IDSA reports. Analytical tools like percentages, CAGR, are used for the purpose. It is observed that Indian direct selling industry grew by around 12 percent, with a gross turnover of Rs. 2, 12,820 million in 2022-23. India ranked 11th globally, contributing to the total global turnover of $167,694 million. Worldwide, 102.9 million people are engaged in direct selling. In India, out of 8.62 million direct sellers, 3.19 million are women. Globally, 71 percent of direct sellers are women, although male participation is steadily increasing.

Keywords: Direct selling, Market, Economic Growth, IDSA, and Gender participation.
JEL Classification: M31, F43, J16

The rising prominence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has ignited a global discussion on its far-reaching implications for human society. AI applications have revolutionized various industries, presenting both opportunities and challenges. In India, the impact of AI on the labor market is a pressing concern, particularly given the country’s high unemployment rates among educated youth. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of AI’s implications on the Indian labor market through a systematic literature review. The findings reveal that while a significant portion of studies anticipate a positive impact, many focus on primary survey-based research with descriptive methodologies. The study identifies sectors and job types vulnerable to AI’s impact, assesses India’s AI preparedness, and benchmarks it against peer economies. The results suggest that employees in sectors with routine and repetitive tasks are more susceptible to AI’s impact. In contrast, professionals in creative fields requiring skills, interpersonal communication, and innovation are less affected. To thrive in this evolving landscape, professionals must cultivate innovative thinking, a willingness to learn, and a commitment to stay updated with emerging technologies and knowledge developments.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Labour Market, Nature of Job.
JEL Classification: O33, J2, J6, J24

The paper attempts to scrutinize the Geographical Indications (GIs) of India. The country, as a member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO), enacted the Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration & Protection) Act, 1999, which came into force with effect in the year 2003. In light of this, the objectives of the paper are i) to assess the performance of GI products in India, and ii) to highlight the GI authorized user application filed. The method of the study is based on secondary data access from the GIs registry. Findings: The study shows that the number of GI product registrations has increased in the last few years. During the year 2021-2022, 116 applications were filed, 46 applications were examined, and 50 Geographical Indications were registered. It may be because of enhancements in IP administration, digital reforms and reengineering of IP procedures.

Keywords: Geographical Indications, Intellectual Property Rights, GI registration, TRIPS, India.

Climate change is accelerating a migration from low-lying Bangladesh into Eastern India, adding to complex socioeconomic pressures in border states like West Bengal and Assam. The paper looks at how such migration changes labour markets, puts pressure on water and land resources, and reconfigures formal/informal trading links. Relying on secondary sources, it unearths that immigration inflows drive down wages in agriculture and construction by 12–18% while exacerbating conflicts over groundwater and grazing. Cross-border trade, notably Petrapole-Benapole (which caters to 70% of bilateral trade), endures delays on account of enhanced security and humanitarian checks. In terms of theory, the research utilizes ‘constructivist diplomacy’ Adler, 1997; and ‘Transboundary Water Interaction Nexus (TWIN)’ Zeitoun, 2011 to argue that India-Bangladesh relations are being reconstructed through shared climate vulnerabilities. It suggests bilateral adaptation funds and labour mobility corridors, using diplomatic norms around common but differentiated responsibilities to encourage these programmes.

Keywords: Climate Change, Migration, Natural Resource, Geo-economic Stressor, Labour Market.

This paper critically examines digital marketing evolution, systematically analyzing the transition from traditional to digital marketing paradigms. It explores the comparative advantages and inherent limitations of both approaches, highlighting how digital strategies overcome their traditional counterparts’ shortcomings, particularly in measurability, targeting, and cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, it delves into the profound rise of social media as not merely an advertising channel but as a core component of modern marketing strategy, emphasizing its role in fostering consumer engagement, building brand awareness, and driving business growth in the current digital era.

Keywords: Digital Marketing, Traditional Marketing, Social Media Marketing, Consumer Engagement, Brand Awareness, Analytics, Targeted Advertising.